Reading Warm-up – Part 23

Reading warm-up

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 13-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below

Trash Talk

Sorting through a mountain of pottery to track the Roman oil trade

A. In the middle of Rome’s trendiest neighborhood, surrounded by sushi restaurants and nightclubs with names like Rodeo Steakhouse and Love Story, sits the ancient world’s biggest garbage dump—a 150-foot-tall mountain of discarded Roman amphoras, the shipping drums of the ancient world. It takes about 20 minutes to walk around Monte Testaccio, from the Latin testa and Italian cocci, both meaning “potsherd.” But despite its size—almost a mile in circumference—it’s easy to walk by and not really notice unless you are headed for some excellent pizza at Velavevodetto, a restaurant literally stuck into the mountain’s side. Most local residents don’t know what’s underneath the grass, dust, and scattering of trees. Monte Testaccio looks like a big hill, and in Rome people are accustomed to hills

B. Although a garbage dump may lack the attraction of the Forum or Colosseum, I have come to Rome to meet the team excavating Monte Testaccio and to learn how scholars are using its evidence to understand the ancient Roman economy. As the modern global economy depends on light sweet crude, so too the ancient Romans depended on oil—olive oil. And for more than 250 years, from at least the first century A.D., an enormous number of amphoras filled with olive oil came by ship from the Roman provinces into the city itself, where they were unloaded, emptied, and then taken to Monte Testaccio and thrown away. In the absence of written records or literature on the subject, studying these amphoras is the best way to answer some of the most vexing questions concerning the Roman economy—How did it operate? How much control did the emperor exert over it? Which sectors were supported by the state and which operated in a free market environment or in the private sector

C. Monte Testaccio stands near the Tiber River in what was ancient Rome’s commercial district. Many types of imported foodstuffs, including oil, were brought into the city and then stored for later distribution in the large warehouses that lined the river. So, professor, just how many amphoras are there?” I ask José Remesal of the University of Barcelona, co-director of the Monte Testaccio excavations. It’s the same question that must occur to everyone who visits the site when they realize that the crunching sounds their footfalls make are not from walking on fallen leaves, but on pieces of amphoras. (Don’t worry, even the small pieces are very sturdy.) Remesal replies in his deep baritone, “Something like 25 million complete ones. Of course, it’s difficult to be exact,” he adds with a typical Mediterranean shrug. I, for one, find it hard to believe that the whole mountain is made of amphoras without any soil or rubble. Seeing the incredulous look on my face as I peer down into a 10-foot-deep trench, Remesal says, “Yes, it’s really only amphoras.” I can’t imagine another site in the world where archaeologists find so much—about a ton of pottery every day. On most Mediterranean excavations, pottery washing is an activity reserved for blisteringly hot afternoons when digging is impossible. Here, it is the only activity for most of Remesal’s team, an international group of specialists and students from Spain and the United States. During each year’s two-week field season, they wash and sort thousands of amphoras handles, bodies, shoulders, necks, and tops, counting and cataloguing, and always looking for stamped names, painted names, and numbers that tell each amphora’s story

D. Although scholars worked at Monte Testaccio beginning in the late 19th century, it’s only within the past 30 years that they have embraced the role amphoras can play in understanding the nature of the Roman imperial economy. According to Remesal, the main challenge archaeologists and economic historians face is the lack of “serial documentation,” that is, documents for consecutive years that reflect a true chronology. This is what makes Monte Testaccio a unique record of Roman commerce and provides a vast amount of datable evidence in a clear and unambiguous sequence. There’s no other place where you can study economic history, food production and distribution, and how the state controlled the transport of a product,” Remesal says. “It’s really remarkable

Questions  13– 16

Reading Passage 2 has four paragraphs A-D. Which paragraph contains what information? Write the correct letter, A-D, in boxes 13-16 on your answer sheet

 ._____________ N13. Questions about the Roman economy

 ._____________ N14. A unique feature

 ._____________ N15. Description of the dump

 ._____________ N16. Dialogue with a professor

Questions  17– 21

In boxes 17– 21 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE                          if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE                        if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN                if there is no information on this

N17. World’s biggest garbage dump is surrounded by restaurants and nightclubs. T F NG

N18. The garbage dump is as popular as the Colosseum in Rome. T F NG

N19. Ancient Roman economy depended on oil. T F NG

N20. There is no information on how many amphoras are there. T F NG

N21. Remesal says that Monte Testaccio is a great place to study economics. T F NG

Questions  22–26

.Complete the sentences below

.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer

.Write your answers in boxes 22–26 on your answer sheet

N22. It is unknown for _____________  what’s underneath the grass, dust, and scattering of trees

 ._____________ N23. Monte Testaccio stands near the ancient Rome’s

N24. Remesal doesn’t believe that the whole mountain is made of ___________  without any soil or rubble

____ N25.Remesal’s team washes and sorts thousands of amphoras each year’s two-week

.N26.________________  started working at Monte Testaccio in the late 19th century

:Answers

N13.  B
N14.  D
N15.  A
N16.  C
N17.  True
N18.  False
N19.  True
N20.  False
N21.  True
N22.  Most local residents
N23.  Commercial district
N24.  Amphoras
N25. Field season
N26.  Scholars