استراتژی و تکنیکهای سوالات 

5 – Writing Strategies

قوانین و ساختارهای گرامری برای رایتینگ

Relative Pronouns-Subject

A relative pronoun introduces an adjective clause. An adjective clause describes or identifies a noun in the main clause
.Students who wear uniforms get better grades

adjective clause

The sentence above is made up of a main clause: Students get better grades, and an adjective clause: who wear uniforms. The adjective clause identifies the noun students. It tells us which students we are talking about
An adjective clause begins with a relative pronoun such as who, whom, whose, that, or which. In order to choose the correct relative pronoun to use, you must identify the antecedent. The antecedent is the noun that the clause describes
.An adjective clause immediately follows the antecedent
.Uniforms that have dark colors are easy to wash
antecedent
adjective clause
In the sentence above, the noun uniforms is the antecedent for the relative pronoun that. The adjective clause
.that have dark colors identifies the noun. It tells us which uniforms the sentence is about
The relative pronoun can be the subject or object of the clause. In all the previous examples, the relative pronoun is the subject of the adjective clause
The correct relative pronoun to use depends on whether the antecedent is a person, a thing, or something that possesses, and whether the clause is restrictive or nonrestrictive. In some cases, you have more than one choice

An adjective clause can be restrictive or nonrestrictive. A restrictive clause provides information that is necessary to identify the noun. All of the previous examples are restrictive clauses
A nonrestrictive adjective clause provides extra information that is not necessary to identify the noun. For example
.Mr. Jones. who is the director of our school, requires all students to wear uniforms
antecedent
adjective clause
You could remove a nonrestrictive clause from a sentence and the identity of the noun would still be clear
.Nonrestrictive clauses are set off with commas

: Practice

Read this paragraph from a student essay. Choose the correct relative pronoun to complete each blank

Many schools require their students to wear uniforms. Students N1.………….. (who/which) wear uniforms don’t have to worry about following fashions. Therefore, it is easier for them to focus on their studies. Some students complain that uniforms are ugly, but I believe that uniforms can look nice. Uniforms N2.…………..(who/which) are simple in design can look very attractive. Colors N3.…………..(whose/that) are plain and not too bright always look nice. Skirts N4.…………..(whose/which) are too long or too shor t can look strange and out of fashion,but uniforms don’t have to have skirts N5.………….. (that/who) are the wrong length. Students N6.…………..(whose/who) uniforms look unattractive can talk to their school directors about changing the uniform style. School directors N7.……………(whose/who) require uniforms in their schools usually find that their students are better able to concentrate on academics

:Answers

N1. who
N2. which
N3. that
N4. which
N5. that
N6. whose
N7. who