استراتژی و تکنیکهای سوالات

Listening : Part 44

: Questions

.Complete the notes below
.Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD ANO/OR A NUMBER for each answer

WILD MICE AND EXERCISE WHEELS

: Two traditional theories as to why mice run inside exercise wheels
.To relieve N1. ………….: the activity has a psychological benefit
………… .It’s a stereotyped behavior: a repetitive activity without a N2

: Three criteria for a stereotyped behavior
.The behavior occurs only in animals in N3. …………. , not in animals in nature
.The behavior is recurring and always the same, with no clear purpose
…………. .There is no external stimulus for the behavior; for example, there is no N4

Traditionally, wheel running by captive mice has been understood as a stereotyped behavior
.This is because they do it even in the absence of a stimulus
.This is similar to N5. …………. in a cell pacing back and forth for no reason

:Two locations for the experiment involving wild mice
(An N6. …………. area (a professor’s back garden
(A rural area (a remote dune inaccessible to the public

: Results of the experiment
.The running wheels were used more than N7. …………. times
,Later on, researches removed food from the boxes
…………. .yet the visits where the wheel was used increased by N8
Scientists concluded that running in an exercise wheel is inherently N9. …………. to wild mice
:This means that the first theory is effectively true
…………. .mice run in wheels because it is something that they N10

:answers

N1. stress
N2. goal
N3. cages
N4. reward
N5. prisoners
N6. urban
N7. 12,000
N8. 42%
N9. rewarding
N10. enjoy