مچینگ با توجه به محتویات پاراگراف در ریدینگ

تمرین : متن زیر پنج پاراگراف دارد .

با توجه به محتویات هر پاراگراف هدینگ مناسب را برای هرکدام مشخص کنید.

A. Examples of a wide range of influences on the price of commodities

B. The impact of population growth on commodities

C. Three main categories of classification

D. How people feel can affect gold prices

E. A definition of commodity

N1. A commodity is an item, good or product which is bought and sold according to the price of the market. Many goods which are considered as commodities are traded according to prices on international markets with the price being on international markets with the price being the same everywhere. Commodities that fall into this category are oil and copper. By contrast, the price of certain goods such as certain types of TVs or cameras or cars can also be determined by the intangible factors such as brand name

N2. Commodities can be classified into three groups: energy, for example, natural gas, uranium, oil, diesel heating oil; metals such as platinum, copper, tin ,zinc , lead , nickel , gold, silver and palladium, which, in turn, can be further subdivided into base (e.g. copper ) and precious metals( e.g. gold and palladium); and agricultural product which also  includes two subdivisions, namely goods such as wheat, corn, soya beans, coffee, cocoa and sugar and livestock such as beef and lamb. The latter two main categories are also classified as hard and soft commodities, respectively

N3. All these commodities are sensitive to such factors as market forces, for instance, economic growth and contraction, population increases, natural disasters, scarcity, processing or refining problems, hoarding and speculative trading. Take aluminum, for example, which is used for food packaging, including cans for fizzy drinks, vehicle components, and aircraft manufacturing. Its price is sensitive to economic change, as its demand relates to people’s consumption. In fact, a decline in one hard commodity such as metals can trigger a fall in another

N4. The price of gold, by contrast, is sensitive to different forces. While it is used in manufacturing processes and in a range of luxury goods, including watches and jewellery, and as such can be affected by an economic downturn in the same ways as other hard commodities, it is also seen as a safe haven of security in times of economic uncertainty. A feel-good factor among the general population can affect the price of a commodity like gold negatively as people move money out of gold to spend

N5. As populations grow and economies expand the demand for commodities increases, pushing up the price of certain goods, such as oil and wheat and livestock prices. The daily fluctuations in the price of goods such as oil and copper are good examples of the sensitivity of these commodities to the laws of supply and demand. Growing markets are a result of growing populations. An increase in wealth in one region of the world can push up prices on an international scale, even if that country is a source of a particular commodity such as copper

: Answers

N1. E

N2. C

 N3. A

N4. D

N5. B